Hand loom



Maid! 1940- M. o. GALLINGEIR 2,193,558

HAND LOOM Filed Nov. 12, 1938 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 L Y v A 7 77 77 6 v 80 Mwawroa:

H6. 2. Z QYTTO/P/Vf) March 12, 1940.

M. o. 'GALLINGER I 58 HAND LOOM Filed Nov. 12, 1938 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 62 65 March 12, 1940.. Mp0. GALLINGER HAND LOOM 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Nov. 12, 1938 llll mm n March 12, 1940- M. o. GALLINGER ,558 HAND 1.00M

Filed Nov. 12, 1938 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 AWE/wt.-

Marc-h 1940. M. o. GALLINGER 2,193,558

HAND LOOM Filed Nov. 12, 1938 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Mi WE! Anne/vi) Patented Mar. 12, 1940 HAND LooM- v Milo o. Gallinger, Hartland, Mich.,-assignor to" J. Robert Crousacleveland Heights, .Ohio, doing businessv as Cromaine' Grafts, Hartland,

Mich.

Application November 12, 1938, Serial No. 239,962

8 Claims,

This invention relates to hand operated weaving looms of the floor type.

Looms of this character are somewhat bulky and in schools and other institutions where weaving is taught to a number of persons, the floor space required by the requisite number .of looms is a consideration of considerable importance, as is also the cost of the necessary equipment, because as looms have heretofore been constructed an individual loom could be used for only one weaving project at a time so that a loom has been required'for each Weaver where, as is usual, all of the weaving on a given project. isdone by one person and the project continues for a'consider able period of time.

An object of this invention is to provide a hand loom of the floor type which is so constructed that it can be used successfully and conveniently-to carry on several weaving projects within the same period of time. And with respect to-this object, the invention consists in the provision of a loom having a separable sub-assembly of parts comeprising a warp rolLheddles, heddle frames and rods (or other means for operatively carrying the heddles), a reed and a frame or supporting .struc,- ture for the other parts of the sub-assemblycpnstructed to permit the entire sub-assembly to be removed as a unit from the main frame of the loom, whereby a single loom provided with 'a plurality of such separable assemblies, similar to each other and interchangeable in the m, may be used to carry on a. corresponding number of weavin projects by a number of different weav-- ers, the sub-assembly of one weaver together with the work in progress being removed from the support and handling of the said other parts of the assembly when the assemblyis'detachedfrom the loom. To this particular end the invention consists in certain features of construction and arrangement of parts which will hereinafter he described in detail. v

A further object of the invention is to provide a hand loom having an,improvedfrictionz device o controll n t e unw nd ng f the w m l r of the --1 .Qm.- With e ct to. hi -shim th invention consists in the provisionfor the loom of a warp roller having a rotary friction member,

a non 'rotary frictionmember to cooperate there with, means for pressing the two friction parts together, such, for example, as'a spring or weight,

and manual means for actuating the pressure means arranged to be operated by the weaver without leaving her seat. The friction members may take various forms butpreferably the warp roller is provided with a friction drum which serves as the rot-arymemberand a flexible element such as a rope or chain, maintained under tension by the spring or weight, serves as the nonrotary member and is arranged to pass around and cooperate with the friction drum. The manually operable means also may take various forms but-preferably a simple lever is employed, pivoted on the main frame of the loom and extending forward to a position to be readily grasped by the tion of. a loom. embodying'rnyimprovements as shown in the accompanying d awings.

In the drawings, I

'Fig. 1 is a vertical'longitudinalsectional view of the loom embodying the improvements, the

section being taken on the line l| of Figs. 4 and Fig. 2 is a fragmentary elevationalview of the I 4.0"

reed of the loom and of the upper partof the heater in which the reed is detachably mounted. a Fig. 3 is a fragmentary end elevation of, the heater structure, shown in Fig. 2. Big. 4 is a vertical transverse section on line 44 of Fig. 1 i Fig. 5 is a fragmentary section takenon the line 5-.- 5 of Fig. 4.

a the Fig. 6 is a fragmentary rearelevation of a lower portion of the loom with some of the parts shown in section. I

. :Fig. 7 is a plan View of the loom. i

. Fig.8 is a right side elevation of the loom,

some of the parts being broken away. j Fig..9 is a View similar to Fig. l with the suba em y r moved 30 will appear from thefollowing detailed descr-ipjoined byhorizontal members 3 and 4.

frame.

Fig. 11 is a plan view of the assembly with the parts thereof compactly arranged on the supporting frame or structure. 7

Fig. 12. is a vertical sectional view of the assembly, the section being taken on the line |2-| 2 of Fig. 11.

Fig. 13 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view showing the detent device which serves, in lieu of the friction brake which normally controls the warp roller, to prevent unwinding of. the said roller when the assembly is detached from the main frame of the loom.

Referring in detail to the construction illustrated, the main frame of the machine comprises side sections, each of which is made up of a front upright and rear upright 2 rigidly Members 3 and 4 support an upright 5 which is also joined to the upright 2 by horizontal member 6.

The two side frame sections are rigidly connected by a plurality of transverse members, one of which is in the form of a metal tube 1 and enclosed tension rod 8. The ends of tube '1 fit into circular sockets in the uprights l, and when nuts 9, 9 on tension rod 8 are tightened the transverse structure eifects a very rigid connection between the upper ends of uprights I, I. The lower parts of the same uprights are similarly connected by tube l0, tension rod H and nuts l2. The tube l serves as the front or cloth beam of the loom. At its rear end the side sections are connected by tension rod l3 and nuts M at the upper ends of the uprights 2 and by a similar but heavier tension rod l5 near the lower ends of uprights 2, 2. Tension rod I5 is fitted at each end with nuts l6, l1 and washers i8, the nuts I6 serving, in conjunction with rod l5, to accurately space the lower parts of the uprights 2, 2 from each other and nuts l1, when tightened, acting to effect a rigid connection between the lower rear parts of the side sections of the frame.

-The uprights 5, 5 of the frame side sections are rigidly joined by a transverse member H! at the top of the uprights and by a transverse member 25 which joins the uprights 5 below the horizontal members 3, 3. The frame is further braced transversely by means of a metal tube 2| which fits into circular sockets in brackets 22, 22 which are rigidly securedby bolts 23, 23 to uprights 5. The brackets 22 provide bearings for the trunnions 24a, 24b of the cloth roll 24 of the loom. i

The rear or warp beam of the loom is formed by a transverse metal tube 25, the ends of which fit in circular sockets in depending arms 25a, 25a,

the upper ends of which are pivotally mounted on the transverse rod l3. The'warp beam 25, when not subjected to the tension of the warp, can be swung rearwardly and upwardly with the arms 25a about the rod 3 as an axis, as indi cated by dotted lines in Fig. 1. Forward movement of the warp beam is prevented by blocks 26 secured to uprights 2 in position to be engaged by the lower ends of arms 25a.

The warp roller 21 of the loom is fitted at one end with a friction drum 28 and has its supporting trunnions 21a, 21a mounted in bearing blocks 23. These bearing blocks are in turn detachably mounted on 'a sub-frame structure designated as an entirety by 30. This sub-frame comprises fore and aft side bars 3|, 3|, a transverse memsecured to the frame parts 3| by pins 35.

ber 32, a flat bottom part 33', preferably made of 'ply wood, transverse strips 34, 34 secured to the front edge of thebottom 33 and a handle bar 35 also secured to the front part of bottom 33 and spanning the opening formed in the latter where its front portion is cut away at 33a. The main frame parts 3|, 3| have their rear ends forked or slotted (Figs. 8 and 10) to receive the bearing blocks 29 which latter are detachably The sub-frame 30 is supported in the main frame by slide bars or ways 31 which are rigidly secured to uprights 2 and 5 of the main frame. The subframe and associated parts areoperatively secured to the mainframe by means of angle irons 38 which are secured to the side members 3| 3| and are apertured at 380. to'receive pins or studs 39, 39 carriedby uprights 2, 2. When the subframe .30 is slid into the main frame from the rear, angles 33 engage the uprights 2, 2 to limit the forward movement of the sub-frame and gravity hooks 40, 45 mounted on uprights 2, 2 engage the upper ends of angles 38 to normally prevent rearward displacement of the sub-frame 30. A pivoted detent 4| is mounted on the transverse frame member 32 adjacent the friction drum 28 so as to operatively engage notches 28a of the drum and prevent unwinding of the warp roller 21 when the sub-frame 30 is removed from the main frame of the machine in a manner hereafter explained.

The transverse frame member 32 carries a pair of upstanding, 'rearwardly-bent fingers 42, 42 and an opposing pair of upstanding fingers 43, 43 are mounted on a transverse bar 44 which is yieldably secured by coiled springs 45, 45 to the front strips 34,34 of sub-frame 30. The purpose of fingers 42 and 43 will later be explained.

To control the unwinding motion of the warp roller I provide a flexible chain, rope or the like to cooperate with the friction drum 28. As shown in the drawings, the flexible friction member is in the form of a rope 46 which is fitted at its upper end with a ring 41 detachably secured to hook 48 carried by one of the stop blocks 26.

Rope 46 is given one turn around the drum 28 and has a ring 49 at its lower end secured to a bent -finger 50 on the rear end of an elongated hand lever 5| which is pivotally supported at 52 on the main frame bar 4 at the right side of the main frame. A heavy coiled spring 53 has its lower hooked end secured to transverse tension rod l5 of the main frame and its upper end securedto the bent finger 5|) of lever 5|. The

tension of spring 53 is thus in effect applied to the friction-rope 46 but the operator, sitting at the front of the loom, can at any time readily relievethe spring tension of rope 46 by depressing the front end of lever 5|. By disposing the end portions of rope 46 to extend from friction drum 28 substantially in the same plane tangent to the drum the stresses upon the supporting bearings ofthe warp roller are minimized.

The loom is provided with heddle devices of known construction. The heddle harness is designated in its entirety by the numeral 54 and comprises four heddle frames 55, 56, 51 and 58. The front frame 55 is supported by a pair of flexible straps 55, 59 and the next frame 56 is similarly supported by straps 60, 60, the straps 53 and 60 having their upper ends secured to a roller 6|, and being wound upon said roller in opposite directions so that as the roller turns, with the depression of one of the frames, the other frame of the pair is lifted. The roller 6| has its flanged'ends rotatably supported in the Bl, Bl secured to the large roller 63, the straps- 63 and 8'! being wound in opposite directions on roller 93 so that the lowering of roller 6| and its heddle frames 55 and 56 is accompanied by raising of the roller 66 and its heddle frames 51 and 5B. The rollers 5i and 86 can readily be detached from the looped ends of straps 62 and 61 to permit removal of the heddle frames from the main frame of the machine. The heddle frames carry the usual heddle bars 68, 68 on which are mounted metal heddles 69, 69 of well known form.

The raising and lowering of the heddle frames to form the shed in weaving is effected by foot treddles NJ, ll) which have their rear ends pivot ally mounted on transverse frame bar 15 of the main frame. Tubular spacers l5a, 15b on rod l5 space the treddles transversely by the loom. Each of the foot treddles is operatively connected to the lower side of one of the heddle frames by a rope H, the lower end of which is fitted with a spring snap or hook 12 which detachably engages a screw eye 13 carried by the treddle. To provide a guide for the upper ends of the treddle ropes H transverse frame member 20 is fitted with a bracket '14 and the member 2|] and bracket '14 are recessed to receive a metal sleeve 15 through which the ropes are passed.

The loom is provided with a beater which is designated in its entirety by the numeral 16. The

beater comprises side bars H, T! which are rigidly connected by a transverse member 18 and which have their lower ends pivotally mounted in brackets 4a and 4b secured to the main frame members -l, l. A transverse handle or grip bar 19 is detachably secured to the upper ends of the beater uprights I1, 11 and the two transverse members 18 and 79 are slotted to receive and hold a reed 8B of known or usual construction. The reed can readily be detached from the beater frame by simply removing the grip bar 19.

v The cloth roller 24 of the loom is fitted at its right end with a hand operated ratchet wheel 8! which is preferably made of wood and formed with finger openings 81c so as to be conveniently grasped by the operator to turn the cloth roller in either direction. The roller is normally prevented from rotating in the unwinding direction by means of a pawl or detent 82 which is pivotally mounted in frame bracket 4a and is yieldingly pressed into operative engagement with the teeth of ratchet wheel 8i by a coil spring 83. However, the detent 82 can readily be depressed manually and held in inoperative position by a pin 84 which is adapted to engage holes in bracket to and detent 82, as shown in Fig. 9; The cloth roller is fitted with the usual canvas apron 85 by means of which the end of the cloth the rope is no longer effective. then unhooks the treddle ropes H from the Practice. The 'windingof'the roller is'faciliated by the fact that its bearing 29 can readily be detachedto permit the mounting of the roller in special winding apparatus, if desired. When wound, the roller is readily replaced in the loom whereupon the warp, threads are passed over the I warp beam 25, threaded through the heddles in a manner to produce a desired pattern, reeded in, passed over the cloth beam 1 and transverse tube 21 and attached to the cloth roller 24, in the usual manner. r

The loom as shown and described contemplates the use of the usual hand shuttle and the shed is formed bydepression of the foot treddles to lower and raise the heddle frames in thewell known manner. 7 p

As the weaving-progresses the operator is able fromtime to time to wind the cloth W upon the cloth roller by pressing downward on lever 5| with her left hand to ease off the braking friction on the warp drum'and at the same time manipulating the ratchet wheel 8i with her right hand to Wind up the cloth. This is easily and conveniently accomplished by the operator without leaving her seat.

As hasbeen indicated; the loom is designed to permit the. carrying on, of a number of weaving projects during the same'period of time. Assurning, for example, that the loom is being used in I a school or other institution where it is desired that a number of persons may use the loom for their respective projects, when one of the weavers has completed her weaving session she proceeds to remove her own workfrom the loom and prepare it for another user in the following manner. First, the operator steps to the rear of the loom and throws the detent 4! backward into opera-- tive engagement with the notches 28a. of the friction drum 28 of the warp roller. This prevents unwinding of the roller. The rear end of lever 5! is then lifted against the tension of spring 53 to permit the top ring 47 ofthe friction rope 48 to be detached from its hook 48 so that The operator treddles l'll. Next, the detent 82 of ratchet wheel 81 is locked down in inoperative position by the use of pin 84. This permits the unwinding of the cloth roller 24 andthe detachment of the wound cloth therefrom. Then the top bar 19 is lifted oi? the beater l6 so that the reed 89 can,

be detached from the beater. The operator now detaches the small heddle rollers 6i and 66 from the loops of their respective supporting straps 52 and El whereupon the said heddle rollers GI and 66, the four heddle frames and their heddles,

the reed and the Woven cloth are lifted free of V retain the warp beam 25 in its elevated position by laying a shed stickor the like across the rear tension rod I3 and one of the side bars 6 of the loom frame to serve as asupport. Preferably the woven cloth is first folded upon the sub frame bottom 33 and the reed is laid upon it;

Then the lower bars of the heddle frames are placed over the hooks d3 of the sub-frame and the heddle rollers 5| and/6B are pulled rearward againstthe tension of coiledsprin-gs .45 to permit the said rollers to pass over the upstanding hooks 42, 4-2 so that the heddle harness is held yieldingl y but firmly in position on the sub-frame, the heddle harness parts holding the cloth, reed, etc., in position.

The operator may now throw the gravity hooks 40 upward to inoperative position and slide the entire separable assembly rearward and out of the main frame of the loom. Fig. 10 shows what may be termed an expanded side elevation of the sub-frame, the heddle harness, the reed and the cloth-in other words, the parts constituting the removable sub-assembly. Figs. 11 and 12 show in plan and section, respectively, the parts of the sub-assembly with the cloth, reed and heddle harness in their compact, secured position on the sub-frame. Fig. 9 shows in vertical section the main frame parts as they appear after removal of the sub-assembly.

' The main frame of the machine is now ready to be used by another weaver and to receive a subassembly or insert of the same character as that which the first weaver has removed. As will readily be understood, the insertion of the second sub-assembly is effected by carrying out in reverse order the above described steps of removal of the first sub-assembly. The second sub-assembly frame is first slid into position in the main frame and secured by the gravity latches or hooks 40. To facilitate detachment of the heddle harness, etc. from the sub-assembly frame, the warp beam 25 may be swung upward and secured in elevated position as previously described. The heddle harness parts are then detached from the hooks 42 and 43 of the sub-frame, the loose ends of the heddle ropes are put through the guide sleeve 15, the heddle rollers 61 and 65 are attached to their respective supporting straps, the reed is reinserted in the beater and the cloth carried over the cloth beam 7. Next, the friction brake rope 15 is replaced upon the friction drum, the detent 4! is thrown forward to inoperative position, the pawl 82 is released to engage the ratchet wheel iii of the cloth roller, and the cloth is operatively attached and wound up on said roller. Finally, the treddle ropes are attached to the foot treddles, and the operator is ready to proceed with her weaving projects. During the weaving the subdrame 36, by reason of its traylike form, serves as a convenient support for the weavers supplies and auxiliary implements.

. When the weaver has finished her periodof weaving she removes the sub-assembly which she had inserted at the beginning, leaving the main frame of the loom ready for the next weaver.

As soon as a weaver becomes familiar with the construction and operation of the loom she is able to insert her sub-assembly into the main frame of the loom at the beginning of her weaving and to remove it at the end of her weaving in a total time of only three or four minutes.

In practice I provide sectional storage cabinets for the sub-assemblies or inserts, each operator or weaver using the loom having one of the dustproof cabinet sections assigned to her for the storage of her sub-assembly or insert. These cabinet sections are fitted with lock-controlled doors or closures and are adapted to be stacked one upon the other after the manner of sectional book cases. With this type of equipment a single loom and set of sub-assemblies or inserts can easily be made to serve a class of ten weaverathus reducing the floor space required to that necessary for a single loom and two stacks of cabinet sections. Furthermore, the cost of such an equipment is much less than the cost of the number of complete looms which would be necessary to serve the same number of student Weavers.

It will be apparent that the improved friction brake and control devices for the warp roller is not limited in its application to looms having my improved detachable inserts. Similarly the tubular metal cross beam type of construction is obviously applicable to looms constructed in a variety of ways, as are also other features of the construction disclosed. In general, it should be understood that my improvements are not limited to the specific construction shown and described but that the scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims read in accordance with the established rules of construction.

What I claim is:

1. In a loom, the combination of a main frame structure; shed forming devices comprising heddles and heddle supporting means operatively mounted on the main frame so as readily to be detached therefrom; a beater operatively mounted on the main frame; a reed detachably mounted on the beater; a warp roller; and a subassembly frame upon which the warp roller is operatively mounted, the latter frame being detachably mounted upon the main frame and constructed to support the heddles, heddle supporting means and reed together with any work in progress in the loom, whereby the sub-assembly frame, warp roller, heddles, heddle supporting means, reed and work can be removed as a unitary sub assernbly from the main frame to permit the insertion in the main frame of another similar sub-assembly.

2. A loom as claimed in claim 1 in which the heddle supporting means comprises a plurality of heddle frames.

3, In a loom, the combination of a main frame structure; shed forming devices comprising heddles, heddle frames operatively mounted for up and down movement on the main frame and so as readily to be detached therefrom, and means for raising and lowering the heddle frames comprising foot treddles and ropes connecting together the treddles and the heddle frames, each rope being readily detachable from its treddle; a beater; a reed detachably mounted on the beater; a warp roller; and a sub-assembly frame upon which the warp roller is mounted, the latter frame being detachably mounted upon the main frame and constructed to support the heddles, heddle frames, treddle ropes and reed together with any work in progress in the loom, whereby the sub-assembly frame, warp roller, heddles, heddle frames, treddle ropes, reed and workcan be removed as a unitary sub-assembly from the main frame to permit the insertion in the main frame of another similar sub-assembly.

l. A loom as claimed in claim 1 in which the sub-assembly frame is provided with a .detent device to engage the warp roller structure and prevent unwinding of the warp roller while the subassembly is separated from the main frame of the loom.

5.In a loom of the hand operated type, the combination of a frame adapted to support the working parts of the loom; a warp roller operatively supported on the rear part of the frame; and means for controlling the rotation of the roller comprising a friction member rotatable with the roller, a non-rotary friction member arranged to engage the other friction member, a spring for forcing thetwo friction members into mutual frictional engagement, and manually operable force-transmitting means connected to spring and adapted to oppose the force exerted thereby upon the said friction members,

-member arranged to engage the other friction member, a spring for forcing the two friction 3, members into mutual frictional engagement, and

said manual means being mounted on the frame and extending to the front part of the frame,

whereby the frictional resistance opposed to the and means for controlling rotation of the roller comprising a friction drum attached to one end of the roller, an elongated flexible friction member looped around the friction drum and having one of its ends attached to the frame, a lever operatively mounted on the frame and connected to the other end of the flexible friction member and extending forward in a position to be actuated by the weaver seated at the. front of the loom, and a spring attached to the frame and connected to the lever and flexible friction element, whereby the tensional force applied by the spring to the flexible friction element can be opposed and varied by movement of the lever.

'7. In a loom of the hand operated type, the combination of a frame adapted to support the working parts of the loom; a Warp roller operatively supported on the rear part of the frame; a cloth roller operatively supported on the front part of the frame; a wheel on one end of the cloth roller manually operable to turn the cloth roller; and means for controlling rotation of the warp roller comprising a friction member rotatable with the said roller, a nonrotary friction manually operable force transmitting means connected to said spring and adapted to oppose the force exerted thereby upon the said frictionmembers, said manual means being mounteduon the j T frame and extending to the front part thereof adjacent the wheel on the cloth roller, whereby the'weaver while seatedin normal "working position at the front of the loom can with one hand' release the frictional resistance to unwinding of the warp drum and with the other hand simultaneously turnthe cloth roller.

8. In a loom, the combination of a'frame for supporting the working parts of the loom; a warp roller; bearing means for rotatably supporting the I roller on the frame; and means for controlling rotation of the roller comprising a friction drum the other end of theflexible member and its other i end connected to the frame so as to establish tension in the flexible friction member, the end portions of the flexible friction member being dis- .posed to extend from the drum substantially in the same plane tangent to the friction surface of the drum engaged by the flexible member; and manual means operatively connected with the frame for opposing the tension force of the spring on the flexible member.

. MILO O. GALLINGER. 

